From the Middle Ages onwards
476 – 1453
Probably inhabited since Roman times, San Ginesio was built in the current elevated position due to the continuous succession of populations, including Goths, Lombards and the Normans in the 10th century. The nobles of the time, given the impossibility of living in the plain adjacent to the Fiastrella river, they were forced to settle in the hills where they made their hunting trips. The first evidence of its existence dates back to 995 d.C. with the name of "Castle St. Genesij”, which is thought to have been born after the liberation by the Franks of Charlemagne of the Normans who reigned in the territory.
Managed as a Republic e, between the XIII century and the XIV century, militarily superior to its opponents of the time that made up the Marca Anconitana, the municipality found itself facing a battle with the Brunforte di Sarnano and the Prontoguerra di Ripe San Ginesio. The rivalry with the ripana family, caused the hostility of the Marca Fermana and consequently of Fermo and other competing municipalities to San Ginesio and its inhabitants.
Due to external wars and internal feuds, the Egidian Constitutions of the fourteenth century, promulgated by the homonymous Cardinal Egidio Albornoz assigned the Municipality to dukes Da Varano di Camerino who ruled it from 1355 until the 1434, first as a Vicariate and then as a Feud. During their rule, San Ginesio became the border between the Camerte Lordship and the Marca Fermana, further amplifying the bad relationship that prevailed from the discords with the Ripana family.
The night of the 30 November 1377 the Fermani led by Rinaldo di Monteverde tried to attack and conquer San Ginesio, but they were discovered by a baker who was starting the oven, known as Fornarina, which warned the Gynesian population and led to the unsuccessful ambush.
Given the evolution of anti-Semitism in Europe, in the first half of the 15th century 220 armigers enlisted by Pope Gregory XII and led by Rodolfo Da Varano and sons, they were paid with a tax imposed on the Ginesini Jews. In the same time frame, the municipality drove the Da Varano from control and from the Ginesino territory, believing to recover the lost autonomy, but the weakening of the Signoria favored that of Francesco Sforza, who took advantage of it to conquer various parts of the Papal State.
With the liberation of the territories by Niccolò Piccinino in the pay of the papacy, San Ginesio recognized its belonging to the Papal State, but between 1450 and the election of Pope Pius II Piccolomini, however, there was some attempt to restore the previous regime. This led to the exile of 300 guinea, accused of being perpetrators of the conspiracy, who took refuge in the territory of Siena. Given their good conduct in the host municipality, some Sienese ambassadors went to San Ginesio and obtained permission for the return of the 300 exiles. From there, The new municipal regulations were drawn up with the model in force in Siena and were approved by the Pope in 1458.
Modern age
16th century
The sixteenth century debuted in San Ginesio with a fort plague epidemic and ended with a lethal contamination of petechial typhus. The historical period was very important for the Ginesini, who enjoyed a new citizen statute, which will remain unchanged until the unification of Italy, of an wooden theater to represent the comedies that the Gynesian youth delighted in writing and acting and for the decision of the Magistrate to write the history of the municipality through the use of documents from the Secret Archive.
But this era was not completely rosy for the population. The lack of agricultural labor led to one famine and to one taxation on bread, imposed by the Papal State, to which Ripe castle rebelled causing a ten-year period of belligerence. Despite the reconfirmation of the papal dominion of the fifteenth century, the municipality was nominated by some Jesuits in recognition as "refuge of the Lutherans”.
Nor the religious orders, nor the terror of the Papal State itself managed to reconvert the "heretics", who were imprisoned for condemnation. The two medical brothers Pancrazio and Matteo Gentili were involved in this first group, representatives of the ancient Gynesian aristocracy. The population, In the 1581, he made a damnatio memoriae towards Matteo and his two sons Alberico and Scipione.
Exiled, the two sons found luck elsewhere, respectively in Oxford and Altdorf bei Nürnberg. Alberico became Regius Professor at the University of Oxford, while Scipione became rector of the University of Altdorf.
Modern age
17th century
In the seventeenth century, in view of the Jubilee announced by Pope Clement VIII, the ginesini sent to Rome a re-edition of the procession "The Triumph of the Church" that the local brotherhoods paraded during the Jubilee announced by Pope Gregory XIII in 1575. The participation of the brotherhoods and citizens showed the desire to return to the complete submission of the Papal State. The pope himself was touched by this and decreed the gift of the left arms of Genesius of Rome and of St. Eleuterio Martyr. While the religious activity of the century was advanced, also considering the "scandal" that heresy causes in the eyes of the church, the wool processing sector entered into crisis and was forced to limit its trade only in the entirety of the territory controlled by the municipality at the time. A revival was implemented by modifying the municipal statutes and carrying out checks on the quality of work and material.
The serenity of the age, however, was disturbed by a man who, through old family documents, discovered the death sentence of one of his ancestors in San Ginesio, during adversity with Fermo. He hired mercenaries and tried to attack Torre di Morro, defensive bulwark on the border with Ripe San Ginesio, but ascertained the real course of events, the man was sentenced to jail.
